Sen's senior team-mates Kidambi Srikanth and H S Prannoy also won their respective first round matches. India also registered twin wins in women's and mixed doubles competition on the opening day which saw B Sai Praneeth bow out after losing in three games to world number 4 Chou Tien Chen of Chinese Taipei.
The 20-year-old Sen, who had returned with a bronze on his debut in Spain last year, prevailed 21-12 21-11 over an erratic Vittinghus in his opening match.
Sen will next face Luís Enrique Penalver of Spain. Praneeth, a 2019 bronze medallist, put up a brave effort before going down 15-21 21-15 15-21 to Chen in little over an hour.
It was yet another forgettable outing in Tokyo for Praneeth, following his struggles at last year's Olympic Games, where he participated without a proper coach or physio to bow out early.