What are Guardian Caps? How do they address head injuries in the NFL? - ESPN

A study published in August 2026 revealed at least one in four NFL players who died between 2016 and 2021 had chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or the degenerative brain disease known as CTE.

The British Medical Journal found that of the 878 players who appeared in at least one NFL game and died during that six-year span, at least 25% had CTE.

The 25% estimate is on the «low end,» said Dr. Daniel Daneshvar, the study's lead author.

In response, the NFL said in part that it «continuously strives to make the game of football safer, including by implementing strategies to reduce concussions and head impacts.»

One of those strategies includes Guardian Caps. The NFL first authorized the use of the protective headgear during regular-season and postseason games in 2024. Since then, more players have elected to wear the caps on game day.

Check out more details about Guardian Caps below:

What are Guardian Caps?

Guardian Caps are large, soft-shelled pads worn over football helmets, with the objective of reducing the risk of concussions and other head injuries during play.

How effective are Guardian Caps?

The cap can absorb at least 10% of the force of a hit, according to NFL research.

Are NFL players required to wear Guardian Caps?

NFL players are required to wear Guardian Caps during training camp practices. There's also an alternative to the Guardian Cap mandate. Players are exempt from wearing them if they select one of the six new helmet models that provide equal or better protection, according to the league and the NFL Players Association. They can also choose to wear Guardian Caps during games for the first time during the 2024 season.

When were Guardian Caps created?

In 2011, Erin and Lee Hanson started Guardian Sports