How England changed their penalty mentality

DORTMUND, Germany : Just like the five shots confidently dispatched to beat Switzerland on Saturday, England's conversion from one of the worst-performing countries in penalty shootouts to the current, confident unit, has nothing to do with luck.

England’s penalty problems are well documented and when Gareth Southgate took over as manager in 2016 he knew breaking that negative association was one of his most important tasks.

Ironically, it was his miss in the Euro 96 semi-final against Germany, or more specifically his decision to put his hand up to take a penalty when he was patently under-qualified to do so, that was at the heart of England’s problems.

Former defender-turned pundit Gary Neville spoke last week about how the kickers at the 2006 World Cup were decided by a casual competition in training that ended up with centre back Jamie Carragher among the nominated five.

In the quarter-final shootout against Portugal, he missed the decisive kick at the second attempt after taking his first before the referee had blown his whistle.

That casual approach and consequent regular failing was the background to the FA launching a remarkable plan to investigate everything about England’s relationship with shootouts, something applauded by Norwegian behavioural psychologist Geir Jordet in his book “Pressure. Lessons from the psychology of the penalty shootout".

"I was surprised and ecstatic when I heard what they were doing because I hadn't ever seen anything like it," Jordet told Reuters in a recent interview.

The key man was Chris Markham, who spent four years as an analyst at the FA and was behind the 18-month project targeted specifically at winning a shootout at the 2018 World Cup on the back of losing five in a row.

"I found