The 35-year-old clocked 44 minutes 28.60 seconds over the 34.2-kilometre course through the suburban streets of the coastal city south of Sydney to claim her third world title.
The gold medal made Van Dijk the second most successful rider in the history of the women's world championships behind France's Jeannie Longo, who won four titles between 1995 and 2001. "It was a really difficult course and I really didn't expect to win it, I didn't think it was the perfect course for me," said van Dyke, who claimed her first title in 2013. "But I just thought I've had a great year in the rainbow jersey and I'll just give it all today.
I had no idea how I was riding. Honestly, I was so surprised when I crossed the finish line." Brown finished second 12.73 seconds behind van Dijk in 44:41.33 to claim her first world championship medal, while Swiss Marlen Reusser won bronze to add to her silvers from the last two editions in 45:10.28.
It was the first time that the women and men had competed on the same world championship time trial course over the same distance on the same day.